Xin LI c4f458da44 fsck_msdosfs: add tests for the 32-bit boot block field decoding
Exercise each of the 32-bit BIOS Parameter Block and FSInfo fields that
readboot() decodes, using values whose most significant byte has its high
bit set.  Each case checks two things: that fsck_msdosfs(8) reports the
full unsigned 32-bit value back on stdout, and that nothing writes a
sanitizer runtime error to stderr.

The second check is what catches a byte-at-a-time decode.  Shifting such
a byte left by 24 is undefined, but every compiler we use wraps it into
the same bit pattern, so the decoded value alone cannot tell a correct
decode from an overflowing one.  In a WITH_UBSAN build bsd.sanitizer.mk
compiles with -fsanitize=undefined and -fsanitize-recover=undefined, so
the shift is reported on stderr and execution continues, which the test
can then assert on.  Against the byte-at-a-time decode these cases fail
in a WITH_UBSAN build and pass without it.

Note that the stderr check also fails on unrelated undefined behavior
that these images reach anywhere in fsck_msdosfs(8), which is intended.

MFC after:	1 week
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FreeBSD Source:

This is the top level of the FreeBSD source directory.

FreeBSD is an operating system used to power modern servers, desktops, and embedded platforms. A large community has continually developed it for more than thirty years. Its advanced networking, security, and storage features have made FreeBSD the platform of choice for many of the busiest web sites and most pervasive embedded networking and storage devices.

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cddl Source code for third-party software under the Common Development and Distribution License.
contrib Source code for third-party software.
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etc Template files for /etc.
include System include files.
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krb5 Build system for Kerberos 5 (MIT).
lib System libraries.
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packages Base system packages.
release Makefiles and scripts used for building releases and VM images.
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secure Build system for cryptographic libraries and commands (excluding Kerberos).
share Shared resources.
stand Boot loader sources.
sys Kernel sources (see sys/README.md).
targets Support for experimental DIRDEPS_BUILD
tests Tests which can be run by Kyua. See tests/README for additional information.
tools Ancillary utilities and tests (not included in the build).
usr.bin User commands.
usr.sbin System administration commands.

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