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All communication between hastd nodes and internally between hastd and its worker children passes through the same pair of send / receive functions. The receive function uses recv(2) with the MSG_WAITALL flag, which in theory means we should never get a short read. However, when handing off a socket to a worker child, we also pass a variable-length string identifying the type of socket we're passing, and reading this string relies on a short read. This used to work because the arrival of the descriptor would interrupt the recv(2) call, but this bug was fixed when the AF_UNIX code was rewritten a while ago and hastd has been broken ever since. Fixing the length of the protocol name to four characters including the terminating null solves the short-read bug by never requiring a short read (nothing else in hastd requires one). Note that this issue appears to have been reported independently first by Alessandro Sagratini in PR 292322 and then by Martin Vidovic in D57511. I ended up going in a different direction than Martin's patch, but his analysis was invaluable, hence the double credit below. Approved by: so Security: FreeBSD-EN-26:26.hastd PR: 292322 Reported by: Martin Vidovic <[email protected]> MFC after: 1 week Event: EuroBSDcon DevSummit 2026 Reviewed by: xtronom_gmail.com, kevans, glebius, gjb Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D59521 (cherry picked from commitb7e5c2e008) (cherry picked from commit9401bfb061)