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Every inode in /proc holds a reference to a struct task_struct. If a directory or file is opened and remains open after the the task exits this pinning continues. With 8K stacks on a 32bit machine the amount pinned per file descriptor is about 10K. Normally I would figure a reasonable per user process limit is about 100 processes. With 80 processes, with a 1000 file descriptors each I can trigger the 00M killer on a 32bit kernel, because I have pinned about 800MB of useless data. This patch replaces the struct task_struct pointer with a pointer to a struct task_ref which has a struct task_struct pointer. The so the pinning of dead tasks does not happen. The code now has to contend with the fact that the task may now exit at any time. Which is a little but not muh more complicated. With this change it takes about 1000 processes each opening up 1000 file descriptors before I can trigger the OOM killer. Much better. [[email protected]: task_mmu small fixes] Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <[email protected]> Cc: Trond Myklebust <[email protected]> Cc: Paul Jackson <[email protected]> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <[email protected]> Cc: Albert Cahalan <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Prasanna Meda <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <[email protected]> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <[email protected]>